Sepsis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s response to infection causes widespread inflammation. In older adults, sepsis is particularly concerning due to the higher risk of complications and the difficulty in recognising its symptoms. Older adults often face unique challenges when it comes to infections and immune responses, making sepsis harder to detect and treat early.
This article is here to help you understand the causes, symptoms and prevention of sepsis in the elderly. Understanding sepsis and how it affects older adults can help reduce risks and improve outcomes.
What is sepsis?
Sepsis is a severe, life-threatening condition that occurs when an infection spreads throughout the body, triggering a widespread inflammatory response. This response can lead to organ dysfunction, blood pressure drops and even organ failure. While sepsis can occur in anyone, older adults are more susceptible due to a weakened immune system, underlying health conditions and age-related changes in the body’s ability to fight infections.
In sepsis, the body’s immune response to an infection goes into overdrive, causing widespread inflammation. This inflammation can lead to poor circulation, tissue damage and a cascade of problems that impact vital organs such as the heart, kidneys and lungs.
In elderly individuals, sepsis often develops as a result of infections that might seem minor at first, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory infections or wounds that become infected.
Risk factors for sepsis in the elderly
Older adults are at a higher risk for sepsis due to various age-related factors and pre-existing health conditions.
Key risk factors include:
- Chronic health conditions: Diabetes, heart disease, kidney issues and chronic lung conditions weaken the immune system, making infections harder to fight.
- Weakened immune system: Ageing naturally weakens the immune system, and medications like immunosuppressants or chemotherapy can further compromise immune function.
- Hospitalisation and surgery: Hospital stays, especially after surgery, increase the risk of infection, with surgical wounds and medical devices acting as entry points for bacteria.
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs): UTIs are common in older adults and can quickly escalate to sepsis, particularly in those with weakened immunity.
- Respiratory infections: Pneumonia is more common in older adults and can lead to sepsis if not properly treated.
- Wound infections: Cuts or pressure sores may become infected, leading to sepsis, especially in those with compromised health.
Signs and symptoms of sepsis in older adults
Sepsis symptoms in older adults can often be subtle or mistaken for other age-related conditions, making early recognition difficult.
However, there are key signs to watch for, including:
- Confusion or altered mental state
- Rapid breathing and shortness of breath
- Low blood pressure
- Fever or low body temperature
- Chills and shivering
- Decreased urine output
- Swelling or redness at the site of infection
Older adults may not show the classic signs of sepsis, so it’s crucial to pay attention to these more subtle changes. Early identification and prompt medical attention are key to improving outcomes.
Diagnosing sepsis in the elderly
Diagnosing sepsis in older adults can be challenging due to subtle symptoms and other health conditions. The process begins with a physical examination to check for signs of infection, low blood pressure or confusion. A review of the patient’s medical history helps identify any underlying conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, that increase the risk of sepsis.
Blood tests are essential to confirm sepsis, as they detect elevated white blood cell count and other signs of infection. Cultures from blood, urine or other fluids may also be taken to identify the bacteria causing the infection. Imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans may be used to locate the infection source, such as pneumonia or abscesses.
Other tests, like urine or sputum tests, help pinpoint the infection’s origin. Early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and can significantly improve outcomes by preventing serious complications.
Practical prevention tips
Preventing sepsis in older adults is essential to reducing the risk of serious complications. Several strategies can help lower the chances of developing sepsis, particularly by preventing infections that may lead to the condition.
Key prevention methods include:
Vaccination
Ensuring that older adults receive appropriate vaccinations, such as the flu vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine, helps prevent respiratory infections that can lead to sepsis.
Good hygiene practices
Regular hand washing, proper wound care and maintaining cleanliness can reduce the risk of infections. Ensuring that any cuts or sores are cleaned and treated promptly can prevent them from becoming infected.
Proper management of chronic conditions
Managing chronic illnesses like diabetes, heart disease and kidney disease is crucial for preventing infections. Regular check-ups and following prescribed treatments helps to keep these conditions under control, reducing the likelihood of complications that could lead to sepsis.
Prompt treatment of infections
Recognising and treating infections early is key to preventing them from progressing to sepsis. Older adults should seek medical attention immediately for symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills or pain.
Avoiding unnecessary hospitalisation
Hospital stays increase the risk of infection, particularly in elderly individuals. Whenever possible, reducing hospital visits and taking steps to prevent hospital-acquired infections, such as proper hygiene and the use of sterile equipment, can help lower the risk of sepsis.
How can Country Cousins help?
At Country Cousins, we understand the challenges that come with managing serious health conditions like sepsis in the elderly and the importance of providing personalised care. Our live-in carers are trained to offer the support you or your loved ones need, including assistance with daily routines, monitoring health changes and ensuring a safe and comfortable environment.
From helping with mobility and personal care to providing emotional support and encouraging physical activity, our team ensures that staying active and healthy is part of your daily life. We are here to support your independence while maintaining safety and well-being, ensuring you remain healthy and comfortable in the familiar surroundings of your own home.
Talk to our team today
If you or a loved one are exploring live-in care, speak with one of our friendly team today. They can provide expert advice and guidance on the best option for your needs.
Give us a call today on 01293 224 706. Our experienced team is on hand to help from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 6 pm. Alternatively, contact us through our online enquiry form.
