Swollen ankles are a common concern for older adults and can arise from a range of factors, including age-related changes in the body and various health conditions. While occasional swelling may not be cause for alarm, persistent or severe swelling can indicate an underlying issue that requires attention.
In this guide, we will explore the common causes of swollen ankles in the elderly, discuss treatment options and offer practical advice on prevention and management to help maintain mobility and overall well-being.
What causes swollen ankles in the elderly?
Some of the most common reasons for swollen ankles in the elderly include:
- Ageing can slow circulation, leading to fluid retention in the ankles.
- Conditions like heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes and arthritis can cause swelling.
- Medications for high blood pressure or NSAIDs may result in swollen ankles.
- Sitting or standing too long can cause fluid to pool in the lower legs.
- Injuries like sprains or fractures often lead to ankle swelling during healing.
Are swollen ankles dangerous?
Swollen ankles can sometimes indicate a serious underlying health issue, but in many cases, they are not dangerous. Mild swelling is often caused by standing or sitting for long periods, or it may be related to conditions like arthritis.
However, swollen ankles can also signal more concerning conditions, such as heart problems, where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently or kidney disease, which can cause the body to retain fluid. In some cases, swelling in one ankle, especially if accompanied by pain, warmth or redness, could be a sign of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot that requires immediate medical attention.
If you notice persistent swelling, pain or other concerning symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice to rule out any serious conditions and ensure proper care.
Signs and symptoms to watch for
While mild ankle swelling in the elderly can be a normal part of ageing, it’s important to be aware of any changes or more serious symptoms that may require medical attention.
Here are some key signs and symptoms to keep an eye on:
- Persistent swelling: If the swelling doesn’t improve after resting or elevating the legs, it could indicate an underlying health issue.
- Pain or tenderness: Swelling accompanied by pain, especially sharp or severe, may signal a more serious condition like a blood clot or infection.
- Redness or warmth: If the swollen area becomes red, warm or feels hot to the touch, it may be a sign of inflammation or infection.
- Difficulty moving the ankle: If the swelling is accompanied by limited mobility or stiffness in the joint, it could be due to arthritis or another joint issue.
- Shortness of breath: Swelling in the ankles combined with difficulty breathing can be a sign of heart failure or other serious cardiovascular problems.
- Sudden swelling: A sudden onset of severe swelling, especially in one leg, may indicate a blood clot (deep vein thrombosis), which requires immediate medical attention.
If any of these symptoms occur, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Practical prevention tips
Preventing foot and ankle swelling in the elderly involves a combination of lifestyle adjustments, regular care and addressing underlying health issues.
Here are some practical tips to help reduce the risk and manage swelling:
Stay active
Regular movement is essential for improving circulation and preventing fluid build up in the lower legs. Aim to walk daily, stretch or engage in light exercises such as ankle rotations or calf raises to keep the blood flowing and reduce swelling.
Elevate your legs
Elevating your feet above heart level for 20 minutes a few times a day can help reduce swelling by encouraging the fluid to drain from the lower legs. This position also promotes better circulation, especially after long periods of standing or sitting.
Wear compression stockings
Compression stockings apply gentle pressure to the legs, helping improve circulation and preventing fluid from pooling in the ankles. They’re particularly helpful for individuals with poor circulation, or those who spend extended periods standing or sitting.
Manage weight
Maintaining a healthy weight helps to reduce the pressure and strain on your ankles and legs, which in turn helps prevent swelling. A balanced diet and regular exercise can contribute to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.
Avoid prolonged sitting or standing
Long periods of sitting or standing without movement can cause fluid to pool in the lower extremities. To prevent this, try to take breaks every hour to walk around, stretch, or shift positions, especially if you’re at work or traveling.
Stay hydrated
Drinking plenty of water throughout the day helps to maintain a healthy balance of fluids in the body and prevent dehydration, which can lead to fluid retention. Proper hydration supports your kidneys in flushing out excess sodium and fluid.
Monitor sodium intake
Excessive salt in the diet can cause the body to retain water, contributing to swelling. Reducing your sodium intake by choosing fresh, whole foods and avoiding processed foods can help prevent excess fluid retention in the ankles.
Wear comfortable shoes
Wearing shoes with proper arch support and cushioning reduces the strain on your ankles and feet, helping to prevent swelling. Avoid high heels and tight shoes that can restrict circulation and cause discomfort, especially during long periods of walking or standing.
Control underlying conditions
Managing health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or arthritis is crucial to prevent swelling in the ankles. Regular check-ups, staying on top of prescribed medications, and following your healthcare provider’s advice can help reduce the risk of complications that contribute to swelling.
When to seek medical attention
While swollen ankles can often be managed with home remedies and lifestyle changes, there are times when they may signal a more serious underlying condition. It’s important to know when to seek medical help to ensure that any potential health risks are addressed promptly.
- Sudden or severe swelling could indicate a blood clot or serious condition.
- Pain, redness or warmth may signal infection or blood clots.
- Shortness of breath or chest pain could be signs of heart failure.
- Difficulty moving the ankle may suggest arthritis or injury.
- Swelling that doesn’t improve may be linked to an underlying health issue.
- Persistent or frequent swelling could indicate circulation problems.
How can Country Cousins help?
At Country Cousins, we understand the importance of staying active to prevent and manage conditions like swollen ankles in the elderly. Our live-in carers provide personalised support to help you or your loved ones stay mobile and comfortable.
From assisting with daily movement and encouraging regular walks to helping with leg exercises, our team ensures that staying active is part of your daily routine. We’re here to support your independence while ensuring you stay safe and healthy at home, helping to prevent swelling and improve overall well-being.
Talk to our team today
If you or a loved one are exploring live-in care, speak with one of our friendly team today. They can provide expert advice and guidance on the best option for your needs.
Give us a call today on 01293 224 706. Our experienced team is on hand to help from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 6 pm. Alternatively, contact us through our online enquiry form.
